A research team from Leibniz University Hannover (LUH) and the Institute for Solar Energy Research in Hamelin (ISFH) has shown that the efficient use of electrolyzers and battery storage systems has a decisive influence on the costs of the energy transition.
This is because adapting to the fluctuating supply of wind and solar energy is a significant challenge. When there is a great deal of wind and sun, there is an oversupply of power. At other times there is too little wind and sun, and sometimes even so-called “dark doldrums,” which are the simultaneous absence of wind and sunshine.
So what do we do when the wind is stronger or the sun shines brighter than the demand at that time requires? Some of the excess electricity can be stored in batteries or transformed into hydrogen. These technologies allow for the power to be made available again when it is needed. And hydrogen can also be used outside the electricity system—for example, in industry.
The research team at LUH and ISFH has developed a model for optimizing the German energy system and identifying the contribution that electrolyzers and battery storage systems make to the success of the energy-system transformation. This makes it possible to demonstrate potential cost savings and how otherwise unused electricity can be better utilized.
In the optimized scenario suggested by the study, electrolyzers are used to produce green hydrogen primarily in northern Germany, where ample renewable electricity is available from wind turbines. The electrolyzers are always in operation at those times when the available electricity exceeds the current demand. In contrast, the scenario sees battery storage systems distributed across Germany, with a concentration in the south of the country, where more electricity from photovoltaic systems is available than in the north.
“Our study shows that in 2050 approximately 35% of the electricity from renewable energies first needs to be stored or transformed into hydrogen in order to be used efficiently,” explains Alexander Mahner, the study’s lead author. “If we don’t do this to a sufficient extent, the overall costs of the energy transition could increase by up to 60 billion euros because we…
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