How optimal transport theory can improve generative models

scientists reveal what


Scientists reveal what makes optimal transport theory optimal in generative models
Researchers analyzed diffusion models using nonequilibrium thermodynamics and optimal transport theory. Credit: Ikeda et al 2025

Joint research led by Sosuke Ito of the University of Tokyo has shown that nonequilibrium thermodynamics, a branch of physics that deals with constantly changing systems, explains why optimal transport theory, a mathematical framework for the optimal change of distribution to reduce cost, makes generative models optimal. As nonequilibrium thermodynamics has yet to be fully leveraged in designing generative models, the discovery offers a novel thermodynamic approach to machine learning research. The findings were published in the journal Physical Review X.



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